Ukukhetha iMoto eLungileyo: Iziseko zeTorque, isantya kunye nobungakanani

Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zeinjini engenamsebenziemhlabeni. Iinjini ezinkulu kunye neenjini ezincinci. Uhlobo lwenjini ekwaziyo ukuya emva naphambili ngaphandle kokujikeleza. Ekuqaleni, akucaci ukuba kutheni zibiza kangaka. Nangona kunjalo, kukho isizathu sokukhetha zonke iintlobo zeinjini engenamsebenzi. Ke, zeziphi iintlobo zeenjini, ukusebenza, okanye iimpawu ezifunekayo kwimoto yombane efanelekileyo?

Injongo yolu chungechunge kukubonelela ngolwazi malunga nendlela yokukhetha imoto efanelekileyo. Siyathemba ukuba iya kuba luncedo xa ukhetha injini. Siyathemba ukuba inokunceda abantu bafunde ulwazi olusisiseko lweenjini.

1. Itorque

I-torque ngamandla abangela ukujikeleza.injini engenamsebenziziyilelwe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokunyusa itorque. Okukhona ukujika kocingo lwe-electromagnetic, kokukhona itorque inkulu. Ngenxa yokulinganiselwa kobukhulu beekhoyili ezisisigxina, ucingo lwe-enameled olunobubanzi obukhulu lusetyenziswa. Uluhlu lwethu lweemoto ezingenabrashi lubandakanya ubungakanani obunobubanzi obungaphandle be-16mm, 20mm, 22mm, 24mm, 28mm, 36mm, 42mm, kunye ne-50mm. Njengoko ubungakanani bekhoyili buyanda kunye nobubanzi bemoto, i-torque ephezulu inokufezekiswa.

Iimagnethi ezinamandla zisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa itorque enkulu ngaphandle kokutshintsha ubungakanani benjini. Iimagnethi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo zezona magnethi zinamandla asisigxina, zilandelwa ziimagnethi ze-magnesium cobalt. Nangona kunjalo, nokuba usebenzisa kuphela iimagnethi ezinamandla, i-magnetism iya kuphuma kwi-motor, kwaye i-magnetism evuzayo ayiyi kwandisa i-torque. Ukusebenzisa ngokuzeleyo umazibuthe owomeleleyo, imathiriyeli ebhityileyo esebenzayo ebizwa ngokuba yipleyiti yentsimbi ye-electromagnetic ilaminelwe ukwenza isekethe yamagnetic.

2. Isantya (revolutions)

Isantya semoto yombane siqhele ukubizwa ngokuba “yisantya”. Kukusebenza kokuba mangaphi amaxesha imotor ijikeleza ngeyunithi yexesha. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-torque, ukwandisa inani lokujikeleza akunzima ngokobuchwepheshe. Ukunciphisa nje inani lokujika kwikhoyili ukwandisa inani lokujikeleza. Nangona kunjalo, ekubeni i-torque iyancipha njengoko inani lokujikeleza lisanda, kubalulekile ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zombini i-torque kunye nesantya sokujikeleza.

Ukongeza, ukuba isetyenziswe ngesantya esiphezulu, kungcono ukusebenzisa iibheringi zebhola endaweni yeebheringi eziqhelekileyo. Okukhona siphezulu isantya, kokukhona ilahleko enkulu yokuxhathisa, kunye nobomi bemoto bufutshane. Ngokuxhomekeke ekuchanekeni kwe-shaft, ukuphakama kwesantya, ngakumbi ingxolo kunye nemiba enxulumene nokungcangcazela. Ekubeni ii-motor ezi-brushless zingenazo iibhrashi okanye ii-commutators, zivelisa ingxolo encinci kunye nokungcangcazela kunee-motor brushed (ezenza uqhagamshelwano phakathi kweebrashi kunye ne-commutator ejikelezayo).

3. Ubungakanani

Xa uthetha ngemoto yombane efanelekileyo, ubukhulu bemoto bukwayenye yezinto ezibalulekileyo ekusebenzeni. Nangona isantya (ukujikeleza) kunye ne-torque kwanele, akunantsingiselo ukuba ayikwazi ukufakwa kwimveliso yokugqibela.

Ukuba ufuna nje ukwandisa isantya, unokunciphisa inani lokujika kocingo. Nangona inani lokujika lincinci, aliyi kujikeleza ngaphandle kokuba kukho i-torque encinci. Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukufumana iindlela zokunyusa i-torque.

Ukongeza ekusebenziseni imagnethi eyomeleleyo ekhankanywe ngasentla, ukwandisa umjikelo womsebenzi wee-windings nako kubalulekile. Siye saxoxa ngokunciphisa inani le-windings ukuqinisekisa ukuba inani lokujika, kodwa oku akuthethi ukuba ucingo lulimale ngokukhululekileyo.

Ukutshintsha ukuncitshiswa kwenani le-windings kunye neengcingo ezishinyeneyo kunokufezekisa i-torque enkulu kunye ne-torque ephezulu ngesantya esifanayo. Isithuba esisisithuba sisalathiso sendlela oluqilima ngayo ucingo. Nokuba inyusa inani lokujika okubhityileyo okanye ukunciphisa inani lokujika okukhulu, yinto ebalulekileyo ekufumaneni itorque.