I-Direct current (DC) kunye ne-alternating current (AC) motors zimbini ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo iintlobo zeemoto zombane. Ngaphambi kokuba sixoxe ngomahluko phakathi kwezi ntlobo zimbini, masiqale siqonde ukuba ziyintoni na.
Imoto ye-DC ngumatshini wombane ojikelezayo onokuguqula amandla ombane abe ngamandla omatshini (ujikelezo). Isenokusetyenziswa njengejenereyitha eguqula amandla oomatshini (ujikelezo) abe ngamandla ombane (DC). Xa i-motor ye-DC inikwe amandla ngumbane othe ngqo, idala indawo yemagnethi kwi-stator yayo (indawo emileyo yemoto). Intsimi itsala kwaye igxotha imagnethi kwi-rotor (indawo ejikelezayo yenjini). Oku kubangela ukuba i-rotor ijikeleze. Ukugcina i-rotor ijikeleza ngokuqhubekayo, i-commutator, eyitshintshi yombane ejikelezayo isebenzisa umbane wombane kwii-windings. I-torgue ejikelezayo engatshintshiyo iveliswa ngokubuyisela umva icala lemisinga kwigophe elijikelezayo kwisiqingatha ngasinye.
Iinjini zeDC zinamandla okulawula ngokuchanekileyo isantya sazo, nto leyo eyimfuneko koomatshini boshishino. Iinjini zeDC ziyakwazi ukuqalisa kwangoko, ukumisa kunye nokubuya umva. Le yinkalo ebalulekileyo yokulawula ukusebenza kwezixhobo zemveliso. Ngokulandelayo,XBD-4070yenye yeemoto zethu ezidumileyo zeDC.
Ngokufanayo nemoto ye-DC, i-rotor yangoku (AC) igubungela amandla ombane kumandla omatshini (ujikelezo). Isenokusetyenziswa njengejenereyitha eguqula amandla oomatshini (ukuvota) abe ngamandla ombane (AC).
Ubukhulu becala iinjini ze-AC zahlulwe zaba ziindidi ezimbini. Injini ye-synchronous kunye ne-asynchronous motor. Esokugqibela sisenokuba sisigaba esinye okanye izigaba ezithathu. Kwi-motor ye-AC, kukho i-ring of copper windings (ebenza i-stator), eyenzelwe ukuvelisa intsimi yamagnetic ejikelezayo. Njengoko i-windings inikwe amandla ombane we-AC, intsimi yamagnetic, ivelisa phakathi kwabo ibangela i-current in rotor (inxalenye yokujikeleza). Oku kunyanzeliswa kwangoku kuvelisa indawo yayo yamagnetic, echasene nemagnethi evela kwi-stator. Intsebenziswano phakathi kwemimandla emibini ibangela ukuba i-rotor ijikeleze. Kwi-asynchronous motor kukho umsantsa phakathi kwezo zantya zimbini. Uninzi lwezixhobo zombane zasendlwini zisebenzisa iinjini ze-AC kuba umbane ophuma ezindlwini ungowokutshintshana ngoku (AC).
Umahluko phakathi kwe-DC kunye ne-AC motor:
● Izixhobo zombane zahlukile. Ngelixa ii-motor ze-DC ziqhutywa ngumbane othe ngqo, iinjini ze-AC ziqhutywa ngokutshintshana kwangoku.
● Kwiimotor ze-AC, i-armature imile ngelixa imagnethi ijikeleza. Kwiimoto ze-DC iaratures iyajikeleza kodwa imagnethi ihleli imile.
● Iinjini ze-DC zinokufikelela kulawulo olugudileyo kunye noqoqosho ngaphandle kwezixhobo ezongezelelweyo. Ulawulo lwesantya luphunyezwa ngokunyusa okanye ukunciphisa igalelo lombane. Iinjini ze-AC ziphinda zisebenzise izixhobo zokuguqula amaza ukuguqula isantya.
Izinto ezilungileyo zeenjini ze-AC ziquka:
● Iimfuno zamandla okuqalisa asezantsi
● Ulawulo olungcono kumanqanaba okuqala angoku kunye nokukhawuleza
● Ukulungelelaniswa okubanzi kwiimfuno ezahlukeneyo zoqwalaselo kunye nokutshintsha isantya kunye neemfuno zetorque
● Ukomelela okungcono kunye nokuphila ixesha elide
Izinto ezilungileyo zeenjini zeDC ziquka:
● Ufakelo olulula kunye neemfuno zokulondoloza
● Amandla okuqalisa aphezulu kunye netorque
● Amaxesha okuphendula akhawulezayo okuqalisa/ukumisa nokukhawulezisa
● Uluhlu olubanzi kwiimfuno zamandla ombane ezahlukeneyo
Umzekelo, ukuba unefeni yombane yasekhaya, kusenokwenzeka ukuba isebenzisa injini ye-AC kuba iqhagamshela ngqo kumthombo wamandla we-AC wekhaya lakho, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuyisebenzisa kunye nolondolozo oluphantsi. Izithuthi zombane, kwelinye icala, zinokusebenzisa iimoto ze-DC kuba zifuna ulawulo oluchanekileyo lwesantya semoto kunye netorque ukunika amava okuqhuba kakuhle kunye nokukhawulezisa okulungileyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-01-2024