Unokukhetha njani iimoto ezizenzekelayo kwishishini?

Kukho iintlobo ezine zemizi-mveliso yeemoto ezizenzekelayo:

I-1, i-horsepower ehlengahlengiswayo kunye ne-torque eqhubekayo: I-horsepower eguquguqukayo kunye nezicelo ze-torque eziqhubekayo ziquka abahambisi, iikrane kunye neepompo zegiya. Kwezi zicelo, i-torque ihlala rhoqo ngenxa yokuba umthwalo uhleli. Amandla ehashe afunekayo anokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwisicelo, esenza isantya esingaguqukiyo se-AC kunye neenjini ze-DC zibe lukhetho oluhle.

I-2, i-torque eguquguqukayo kunye namandla angatshintshiyo ehashe: Umzekelo wetorque eguquguqukayo kunye nezicelo zamandla ehashe rhoqo liphepha lokubuyisela umva komatshini. Isantya semathiriyeli sihlala siyafana, okuthetha ukuba amandla ehashe awatshintshi. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko ububanzi bomqulu bukhula, umthwalo uyatshintsha. Kwiinkqubo ezincinci, esi sisicelo esilungileyo seenjini zeDC okanye iimotor zeservo. Amandla okuhlaziya kwakhona yinkxalabo kwaye kufuneka athathelwe ingqalelo xa kumiselwa ubungakanani bemoto yeshishini okanye ukhetha indlela yokulawula amandla. Iinjini ze-Ac ezineekhowudi, ulawulo oluvaliweyo, kunye ne-full-quadrant drives zinokuzuza iinkqubo ezinkulu.

I-3, amandla ehashe alungelelanisiweyo kunye netorque: iifeni, iimpompo ze-centrifugal kunye ne-agitators zifuna amandla ahlukeneyo ehashe kunye ne-torque. Njengoko isantya semoto yemizi-mveliso sikhula, imveliso yomthwalo iyanda ngamandla afunekayo ehashe kunye netorque. Ezi ntlobo zemithwalo kulapho ingxoxo esebenzayo yeemoto iqala khona, ngee-inverters ezilayisha ii-AC motors zisebenzisa i-variable speed drives (VSDs).

I-4, ulawulo lwesikhundla okanye ulawulo lwe-torque: Izicelo ezifana ne-linear drives, ezifuna ukunyakaza okuchanekileyo kwiindawo ezininzi, zifuna indawo eqinile okanye ukulawula i-torque, kwaye zihlala zifuna impendulo yokuqinisekisa indawo echanekileyo yemoto. I-Servo okanye i-stepper motors lolona khetho lufanelekileyo kwezi zicelo, kodwa iinjini ze-DC ezinempendulo okanye i-inverter elayishiweyo yeenjini ze-AC ezineencoder ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwimigca yentsimbi okanye imveliso yephepha kunye nezicelo ezifanayo.

Iindidi zeemoto zamashishini ezahlukeneyo

Nangona kukho ngaphezu kwe-36 iintlobo zeenjini ze-AC / DC ezisetyenziswa kwizicelo zamashishini. Nangona zininzi iintlobo zeenjini, kukho ukugqithelana okukhulu kwizicelo zemizi-mveliso, kwaye imakethi ityhale ukwenza lula ukhetho lweemoto. Oku kucutha ukhetho olusebenzayo lweemoto kuninzi lwezicelo. Ezona ntlobo zintandathu zixhaphakileyo zeemoto, ezilungele uninzi lwezicelo, azina brashi kunye neebhrashi zeemoto zeDC, ikheji ye-AC inomatse kunye neemotor ezijikelezayo, i-servo kunye ne-stepper motors. Ezi ntlobo zeemoto zifanelekile kuninzi lwezicelo, ngelixa ezinye iintlobo zisetyenziselwa kuphela izicelo ezikhethekileyo.

Iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zezicelo zeemoto zamashishini

Ezona zicelo zintathu ziphambili zeenjini zeshishini sisantya esingaguqukiyo, isantya esiguquguqukayo, kunye nesikhundla (okanye itorque). Iimeko ezahlukeneyo zemizi-mveliso ezizenzekelayo zifuna izicelo ezahlukeneyo kunye neengxaki kunye neeseti zeengxaki zabo. Umzekelo, ukuba isantya esiphezulu singaphantsi kwesantya sereferensi yemoto, i-gearbox iyafuneka. Oku kukwavumela injini encinci ukuba ibaleke ngesantya esisebenzayo. Ngelixa kukho ubutyebi bolwazi kwi-intanethi malunga nendlela yokumisela ubungakanani benjini, zininzi izinto ekufuneka abasebenzisi baziqwalasele kuba zininzi iinkcukacha ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Ukubala inertia yomthwalo, i-torque, kunye nesantya kufuna ukuba umsebenzisi aqonde iiparamitha ezinjengobunzima bubonke kunye nobukhulu (iradiyasi) yomthwalo, kunye nokukhuhlana, ilahleko yebhokisi yegiya, kunye nomjikelo womatshini. Utshintsho kumthwalo, isantya sokukhawulezisa okanye ukwehla, kunye nomjikelo womsebenzi wokufaka isicelo kufuneka kwakhona kuqwalaselwe, kungenjalo iimoto zemizi-mveliso zinokutshisa kakhulu. Iimotor ze-ac induction lukhetho oludumileyo lwezicelo zentshukumo ezijikelezayo kwimizi-mveliso. Emva kokukhethwa kohlobo lwemoto kunye nobukhulu, abasebenzisi nabo kufuneka bathathele ingqalelo izinto zokusingqongileyo kunye neentlobo zezindlu zeemoto, ezinje ngesakhelo esivulekileyo kunye nezicelo zokuhlamba izindlu zentsimbi.

Unokukhetha njani injini yeshishini

Iingxaki ezintathu eziphambili zokhetho lweemoto zamashishini

1. Usetyenziso lwesantya rhoqo?

Kwizicelo ezihlala zihamba ngesantya esiphezulu, imotor idla ngokubaleka ngesantya esifanayo inoqwalaselo oluncinci okanye lungabikho kwaphela ukukhawulezisa kunye neerempu zokuthoba. Olu hlobo lwesicelo ngokuqhelekileyo lusebenzisa umgca opheleleyo wokuvula/ukucima ulawulo. Isiphaluka solawulo ngokuqhelekileyo siquka i-fuse yesekethe yesebe kunye ne-contactor, i-overload industrial motor starter, kunye nomlawuli we-motor manual okanye i-soft starter. Zombini iinjini ze-AC kunye ne-DC zilungele ukusetyenziswa kwesantya rhoqo. Iinjini zeDc zibonelela ngetorque epheleleyo ngesantya esingu-zero kwaye zinesiseko esikhulu sokunyuka. Iinjini ze-Ac zikwalukhetho olulungileyo kuba zinamandla aphezulu kwaye zifuna ukugcinwa okuncinci. Ngokwahlukileyo, iimpawu zokusebenza eziphezulu ze-servo okanye i-stepper motor iya kuthathwa njengento egqithisileyo kwisicelo esilula.

2. Usetyenziso lwesantya esiguquguqukayo?

Ukusetyenziswa kwesantya esiguquguqukayo ngokuqhelekileyo kufuna isantya esibambeneyo kunye nokwahluka kwesantya, kunye nesantya esichaziweyo kunye neerempu zokuthoba. Kwizicelo ezisebenzayo, ukunciphisa isantya seenjini zoshishino, ezifana neefeni kunye neepompo ze-centrifugal, ngokuqhelekileyo kwenziwa ukuphucula ukusebenza ngokuhambelana nokusetyenziswa kwamandla kumthwalo, kunokuba usebenze ngesantya esipheleleyo kunye nokuxubha okanye ukucinezela ukuphuma. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba kuqwalaselwe ukuhambisa izicelo ezifana nemigca yeebhotile. Indibaniselwano yeenjini ze-AC kunye ne-VFDS isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukunyusa ukusebenza kakuhle kwaye isebenza kakuhle kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezicelo zesantya. Zombini iinjini ze-AC kunye ne-DC ezineedrive ezifanelekileyo zisebenza kakuhle kwizicelo eziguquguqukayo zesantya. Iinjini zeDc kunye noqwalaselo lwedrive kudala ibe lolona khetho lodwa lweemotor zesantya esiguqukayo, kwaye izinto zazo ziye zaphuhliswa kwaye zangqinwa. Ngoku, iinjini zeDC zithandwa kwisantya esiguquguqukayo, usetyenziso lwamandla ehashe eliqhekekileyo kwaye ziluncedo kwizicelo zesantya esisezantsi kuba zinokubonelela ngetorque epheleleyo ngezantya eziphantsi kunye netorque engaguqukiyo kwizantya ezahlukeneyo zeemoto. Nangona kunjalo, ukugcinwa kweenjini ze-DC ngumba ekufuneka uqwalaselwe, njengoko uninzi lufuna ukutshintshwa ngeebrashi kunye nokuguga ngenxa yokunxibelelana neendawo ezihambayo. Iinjini ze-Brushless DC ziphelisa le ngxaki, kodwa zibiza kakhulu ngaphambili kwaye uluhlu lweemoto zoshishino ezikhoyo zincinci. Ukunxiba kwebhrashi ayisiyongxaki ngeenjini zokungeniswa kwe-AC, ngelixa i-variable frequency drives (VFDS) ibonelela ngenketho eluncedo kwizicelo ezidlula i-1 HP, njengabalandeli kunye nokumpompa, ezinokunyusa ukusebenza kakuhle. Ukukhetha uhlobo lokuqhuba ukuqhuba imotor yeshishini kunokongeza ulwazi ngesikhundla. I-encoder inokongezwa kwi-motor ukuba isicelo siyayifuna, kwaye i-drive ingacaciswa ukusebenzisa ingxelo ye-encoder. Ngenxa yoko, olu cwangciso lunokubonelela ngesantya esifana ne-servo.

3. Ngaba ufuna ulawulo lwendawo?

Ulawulo lwendawo eqinileyo luphunyezwa ngokuqinisekisa rhoqo indawo yemoto njengoko ihamba. Usetyenziso olunjengokumisa iidrive ezilandelelanayo kunokusebenzisa iimotor ezinyathelayo kunye okanye ngaphandle kwengxelo okanye iimotor ze-servo ezinengxelo yendalo. I-stepper ihamba ngokuchanekileyo kwindawo ngesantya esiphakathi kwaye ibambe loo ndawo. Inkqubo ye-loop stepper evulekileyo ibonelela ngolawulo lwendawo enamandla ukuba ubukhulu obufanelekileyo. Xa kungekho mpendulo, i-stepper iya kuhambisa inani elichanekileyo lamanyathelo ngaphandle kokuba idibana nokuphazamiseka komthwalo ngaphaya kwamandla ayo. Njengoko isantya kunye ne-dynamics yesicelo sonyuka, ulawulo oluvulekileyo lwe-loop stepper lungenakuhlangabezana neemfuno zenkqubo, efuna ukuphuculwa kwi-stepper okanye inkqubo ye-servo motor kunye nempendulo. Inkqubo ye-loop evaliweyo inikezela ngokuthe ngqo, iiprofayili zentshukumo ezikhawulezayo kunye nolawulo lwendawo echanekileyo. Iinkqubo ze-Servo zibonelela ngeetorque eziphezulu kunezinyatheli kwizantya eziphezulu kwaye zikwasebenza ngcono kwimithwalo eshukumayo ephezulu okanye kwizicelo ezishukumayo ezinzima. Kwintshukumo ephezulu yokusebenza enendawo ephantsi yokudubula, inertia yomthwalo ebonakalisiweyo kufuneka ihambelane ne-servo motor inertia kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Kwezinye izicelo, ukudityaniswa kwe-10:1 kwanele, kodwa umdlalo we-1:1 ungowona ulungileyo. Ukunciphisa i-gear yindlela efanelekileyo yokusombulula ingxaki yokungahambi kakuhle kwe-inertia, kuba inertia yomthwalo obonakalisiweyo iyancipha kwisikwere somlinganiselo wokuhambisa, kodwa inertia yebhokisi yebhokisi kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo ekubaleni.