Ukuvulwa kunye nokuvalwa kwamakhethini ombane ahlakaniphile aqhutywa kukujikeleza kweemoto ezincinci. Ekuqaleni, iinjini ze-AC zaziqhele ukusetyenziswa, kodwa ngenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji, iinjini zeDC ziye zafumana ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngenxa yeenzuzo zazo. Ke, zeziphi iingenelo zeemoto zeDC ezisetyenziswa kumakhethini ombane? Zeziphi iindlela zokulawula isantya esiqhelekileyo?
Amakhethini ombane asebenzisa iimoto ezincinci zeDC ezinezixhobo zokunciphisa igiya, ezibonelela ngetorque ephezulu kunye nesantya esiphantsi. Ezi motors zinokuqhuba iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamakhethini ngokusekwe kumlinganiselo owahlukileyo wokunciphisa. Iinjini eziqhelekileyo ze-DC ze-DC kumakhethini ombane zii-motor brushed kunye ne-brushless motors. Iinjini ze-DC ezixutyiweyo zineengenelo ezifana netorque ephezulu, ukusebenza kakuhle, ixabiso eliphantsi, kunye nolawulo olulula lwesantya. Iinjini ze-Brushless DC, kwelinye icala, ziqhayisa ubomi obude kunye namanqanaba engxolo aphantsi, kodwa ziza neendleko eziphezulu kunye neendlela zokulawula ezinzima. Ngenxa yoko, amakhethini amaninzi ombane kwimarike asebenzisa iimotor ezibrashiweyo.
Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokulawula isantya kwiiMoto zeMicro DC kumakhethini oMbane:
1. Xa kulungiswa isantya sombane wekhethini ye-DC motor ngokunciphisa i-armature voltage, umbane olawulayo we-DC uyafuneka kwisekethe ye-armature. Ukuchasana kwesekethe ye-armature kunye ne-excitation circuit kufuneka kuncitshiswe. Njengoko i-voltage iyancipha, isantya sombane wekhethini ye-DC motor siya kuncipha ngokufanayo.
2. Ukulawulwa kwesantya ngokuzisa ukuchasana kochungechunge kwisekethe ye-armature yemoto ye-DC. Ubukhulu bokuchasana kochungechunge, buthathaka iimpawu zomatshini, kunye nokungazinzi kwesantya. Ngezantya eziphantsi, ngenxa yokuxhathisa okubalulekileyo kothotho, amandla amaninzi alahlekileyo, kwaye imveliso yamandla iphantsi. Uluhlu lokulawula isantya luphenjelelwa ngumthwalo, oku kuthetha ukuba imithwalo eyahlukeneyo iphumela kwiimpembelelo zokulawula isantya.
3. Ukulawulwa kwesantya sombane esibuthathaka. Ukuthintela ukugcwala okugqithisileyo komjikelo wemagnethi kumkhusane wombane we-DC motor, ulawulo lwesantya kufuneka lusebenzise umazibuthe obuthathaka endaweni yemagnethi eyomeleleyo. I-voltage ye-armature yemoto ye-DC igcinwa kwixabiso layo elilinganisiweyo, kwaye ukuxhathisa uchungechunge kwisekethe ye-armature kuyancipha. Ngokwandisa uxhathiso lwesekethe ye-Rf, ukuvuselela kwangoku kunye ne-magnetic flux iyancitshiswa, ngaloo ndlela inyusa isantya sombane wekhethini yombane yeDC kunye nokuthambisa iimpawu zoomatshini. Nangona kunjalo, xa isantya sinyuka, ukuba i-torque yomthwalo ihlala kwixabiso elilinganisiweyo, amandla ombane angadlula amandla alinganisiweyo, okwenza ukuba i-motor isebenze ngokugqithisileyo, engavumelekanga. Ke ngoko, xa uhlengahlengisa isantya ngemagnetism ebuthathaka, itorque yomthwalo iya kuncipha ngokuhambelanayo njengoko isantya semoto sikhula. Le yindlela yokulawula isantya samandla rhoqo. Ukuthintela ukujija kwe-motor rotor ukuba ingaqhaqheki kwaye yonakaliswe ngenxa yamandla amakhulu e-centrifugal, kubalulekile ukuba ungagqithisi umda wesantya ovunyelweyo we-DC motor xa usebenzisa ulawulo lwesantya sombane obuthathaka.
4. Kwinkqubo yokulawula isantya sombane wekhethini yombane ye-DC, indlela elula yokufikelela kulawulo lwesantya kukuguqula ukuchasana kwisekethe ye-armature. Le ndlela yeyona ndlela ichanekileyo, ingabizi kakhulu, kwaye iyasebenza kulawulo lwesantya samakhethini ombane.
Ezi ziimpawu kunye neendlela zokulawula isantya seenjini zeDC ezisetyenziswa kumakhethini ombane.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-22-2025